Author：Ottmar Ette

Abstract: The relations between China, the Asian world and Latin America are centuries old, rich in tradition and intense at all times. Yet, in many cases, they are buried tradition that need to be brought back to the light of day and raised to consciousness. This article attempts to prove this thesis by means of four historical moments in different epochs and in different parts of the Latin American subcontinent. In the 19th century, the famous school of painters of Cuzco drew not only from indigenous and European traditions, but also from Asian ones, which can be traced in the form of biombos to Japan and further back to China. Already in Neo-Spanish texts of the early 16th century, for example in Chimalpahin, there is a lot of evidence for the presence of Asian delegations, which also stood for artistic traditions that can be traced through the entire colonial period. At the end of the same period, ...

Column：Literature and Culture Studies   001-011   Details

Author：Wenchu Zhang

Abstract: The most important achivement of the Chicago School of Criticism is the interpretation of literary criticism. The Chicago School of Criticism has six ideas of criticism which conclude: criticism is a remarkable activity of liberal arts; criticism should focus on literary work; the main aim of criticism should be generalization of formal elements of literary work; criticism is an activity of reason analysis; criticism should pay much attention to the discovery of the principle of generating of literary work and the primary effort of criticism is to study the history of literary theory.

Column：Literature and Culture Studies   012-019   Details

Author：Jinfeng Zhang

Abstract: The body is both biological and social-cultural, both the object and the subject. Academically speaking, body studies in many disciplines are rapidly developing. War is an activity that undoubtedly exerts a great impact on the human body, yet the human body either during actual wars or as depicted in war literature so far has been understudied. This article examines how British WWI combat writers present the Great War’s dehumanization and objectification of the human body, and then analyzes how the combatants tried to construct the subjectivity of the human body and thus maintain the dignity and meaning as human beings.

Column：Literature and Culture Studies   020-030   Details

Author：Si Yuan

Abstract: The naturalistic portrayal of cholera in Thomas Mann's novel Death in Venice reflects the writer’s documentation of the historical truth about cholera in Venice in 1911. The tracing of the “Asian plague” in the novel reflects the stigmatized Western imagery of the colonial body and space in the East, and its simultaneous spread with the spirit of the Dionysus constitutes a metaphor for the psychological changes of the protagonist. The plague has contributed to the failure of the “Hobbesian Fear” deterrent, which has led to a mass depravity of behavior in Venice, thus releasing the protagonist’s passions, which are bound up in the morality of daily civic life, and driving him to the depths of depravity, both psychologically and in his behavior. By synchronizing the awakening process of the spirit of Dionysus, a symbol of passion, and the psychology of epidemic in the heart of the protagonist, Thomas Mann realized the dramatic combination of myth and reality.

Column：Literature and Culture Studies   031-040   Details

Author：Ming Yi, Lingying Wu

Abstract: Satanic Argumentation, an essential component of Miltonic Grand Style in Paradise Lost, is mainly manifested in the argumentative lines and stanzas that Milton designs not only for Satan, but also for other epic characters like Eve who imitates Satan after being tempted and influenced by Satan. Typical characteristics of Satanic Argumentation include the crooked thinking mode, elaborate use of compound words, complex sentences, imperative sentences, and parallel patterns as well as exaggerated body language of acting which goes with speech. The article selects two exemplary episodes about Satan and Eve from Paradise Lost, aiming to analyze Satanic Argumentation, hence perceiving Milton’s inheritance of the Casuistical Tradition in English Renaissance, and helping readers better grasp the essence of Satanic Argumentation and the artistry of Miltonic Grand Style.

Column：Literature and Culture Studies   041-049   Details

Author：Lin Sun, Xiaoling Wang

Abstract: Jesmyn Ward, an African American woman writer, presents a black woman named Leonie who suffers from severe psychological trauma and ugly feelings in Sing, Unburied, Sing. Trapped by one of these ugly feelings-"irritation," Leonie is easily enraged by daily trifles, but seems to have lost her sensitivity to such matters of magnitude as racism and social justice. By employing the theory of "ugly feelings" and the thought of “becoming-literature”, this paper interprets Leonie’s "irritation" and comes to the conclusion that, deriving from "the American dilemma," "irritation" is not only the mirror of the dilemma, but also the redemption of that dilemma. Besides, Ward takes in-depth thought into the ultimate way to solve "the American dilemma" in terms of returning to its origin and reconciling different interests within it.

Column：Literature and Culture Studies   050-058   Details

Author：Jinshu Li

Abstract: As a cultural phenomenon, self-criticism has drawn more and more research. The research is almost carried out in modern and contemporary literary fields, covering the analysis of its origin, features and effects, while neglecting translation. Actually, 1950 to 1954 witnessed many self-criticisms of translation. In response to others’ criticism or based on their own awareness, some translators, proofreaders or translation organizations delivered their self-criticism of translation to respond, rectify, criticize or even deny their former translation activities or concepts so as to renew their translation attitude and determination, thus displaying to us a deviant writing of translation criticism. By digging the historical context of criticism of literature and art during these 5 years, and based on the materials of self-criticism of translation from The People’s Daily and Fanyitongbao,

Column：Translation Criticism   061-071   Details

Author：Zhenjun Yao, Jian Li, Wenxin Lv

Abstract: Based on the impact factor system in informatics and bibliometrics, this paper attempts to construct a parameter system of criticism of translated works, so as to provide a relatively objective research perspective of translation criticism based on statistical methods. Taking different English versions of Tao Te Ching as an example and referring to the journal impact factors, this paper calculates the compound impact factors and comprehensive impact factors of translation, and further calculate the impact factors of translation based on positive or negative criticism. The future research will focus on making impact factors an important reference index in the frame of parameter system of translation criticism. At the same time, the research of the parameter system of translation criticism will further enrich the data and calculation methods of the impact factors.

Column：Translation Criticism   072-081   Details

Author：Mi Zhang, Yiwen Zhu

Abstract: The "Truth-Seeking—Utility-Attaining" continuum mode of evaluation in translator behavior criticism focuses on the translator's decision. However, current studies often concentrate on static comparison between the source text and the target text, while the dynamic decisions made by the translator in the translation process are largely ignored. This paper first addresses the significance of using translation manuscripts to promote translator behavior criticism research. Then with Xu Yuanchong's translation manuscript of Antony and Cleopatra as a case study, this paper dynamically explores his decision-making process of translation through his revisions and seeks related explanations via Xu’s comments.

Column：Translation Criticism   082-092   Details

Author：Ying Tang

Abstract: Lin Yutang's translation thoughts have been mainly studied in two ways in the academic field: by analyzing the translation strategies in his works or interpreting his essay On Translation systematically. As a matter of fact, Lin Yutang's views on translation are mostly scattered in paratexts which have been in a state of aphasia for a long time because of its marginal position. This paper studies Lin Yutang's view of empathy in translation by collecting and analyzing his statements in paretexts on the emotional relationship between the translator and the author, the translator and the work, as well as the translation and the reader, and goes further to study the causes of its formation so as to demonstrate that the view of empathy in translation has played a positive role in his dissemination of Chinese culture.

Column：Translation Studies   093-102   Details